Traditionally, multiple sclerosis has been categorised by distinct clinical descriptors—
relapsing-remitting, secondary progressive, and primary progressive—for patient care …

Importance Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune-mediated neurodegenerative disease
of the central nervous system characterized by inflammatory demyelination with axonal …

Chronic low-grade inflammation and neuronal deregulation are two components of a
smoldering disease activity that drives the progression of disability in people with multiple …

In the past 15 years, B cells have been rediscovered to be not merely bystanders but rather
active participants in autoimmune aetiology. This has been fuelled in part by the clinical …

Increasing evidence indicates the involvement of B cells in the pathogenesis of multiple
sclerosis (MS), but their precise roles are unclear. In this Review, we provide an overview of …

In neurological diseases, the actions of microglia, the resident myeloid cells of the CNS
parenchyma, may diverge from, or intersect with, those of recruited monocytes to drive …

Oligodendrocytes generate multiple layers of myelin membrane around axons of the central
nervous system to enable fast and efficient nerve conduction. Until recently, saltatory nerve …

In the majority of patients multiple sclerosis starts with a relapsing remitting course (RRMS),
which may at later times transform into secondary progressive disease (SPMS). In a minority …

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system that
involves demyelination and axonal degeneration. Although substantial progress has been …

Background B cells influence the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis. Ocrelizumab is a
humanized monoclonal antibody that selectively depletes CD20+ B cells. Methods In two …