A broad range of evidence regarding the functional organization of the vertebrate brain–
spanning from comparative neurology to experimental psychology and neurophysiology to …

Cranial placodes are focal regions of thickened ectoderm in the head of vertebrate embryos
that give rise to a wide variety of cell types, including elements of the paired sense organs …

How consciousness appeared much earlier in evolutionary history than is commonly
assumed, and why all vertebrates and perhaps even some invertebrates are conscious …

Fish brains and sensory organs may vary greatly between species. With an estimated total of
25 000 species, fish represent the largest radiation of vertebrates. From the agnathans to the …

Current information on the conodonts Clydagnathus windsorensis (Globensky) and
Promissum pulchrum Kovács–Endrödy, together with the latest interpretations of conodont …

The skin is a barrier between the internal and external environment of an organism.
Depending on the species, it participates in multiple functions. The skin is the organ that …

Resolving the interrelationships of three major extant lineages of vertebrates (hagfishes,
lampreys, and gnathostomes) is a particularly important issue in evolution, because the …

Vertebrates evolved in the Cambrian Period before 520 million years ago, but we do not
know when or how consciousness arose in the history of the vertebrate brain. Here we …

The adaptability of the taste system in fish has led to a large variety in taste bud morphology,
abundance and distribution, as well as in taste physiology characteristics in closely related …

Morphological, physiological, behavioral, and developmental studies of the
mechanosensory lateral line system are used to define sources of morphological and …