The influence of comorbidities on COVID-19 outcomes has been recognized since the
earliest days of the pandemic. But establishing causality and determining underlying …

It has been 15 years since the advent of the genome-wide association study (GWAS) era.
Here, we review how this experimental design has realized its promise by facilitating an …

Studies have demonstrated that at least 20% of individuals infected with SARS-CoV-2
remain asymptomatic,,–. Although most global efforts have focused on severe illness in …

The emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has
caused a devastating pandemic. Although most people infected with SARS-CoV-2 develop …

A large body of evidence generated in the last two and a half years addresses the roles of T
cells in SARS-CoV-2 infection and following vaccination. Infection or vaccination induces …

Abstract SARS-CoV-2, the virus responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic, has been
associated with substantial global morbidity and mortality. Despite a tropism that is largely …

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a common clinical syndrome of acute
respiratory failure as a result of diffuse lung inflammation and oedema. ARDS can be …

Research and practice in critical care medicine have long been defined by syndromes,
which, despite being clinically recognizable entities, are, in fact, loose amalgams of …

SARS-CoV-2 infection is benign in most individuals but, in around 10% of cases, it triggers
hypoxaemic COVID-19 pneumonia, which leads to critical illness in around 3% of cases …

Severe COVID-19 is characterized by persistent lung inflammation, inflammatory cytokine
production, viral RNA and a sustained interferon (IFN) response, all of which are …