Ionizing radiation and microgravity are two considerable health risks encountered during
deep space exploration. Both have deleterious effects on the human body. On one hand …

Growing interest in extraterrestrial colonization has increasingly centered on Mars, bolstered
by extensive environmental data from Mars exploration missions. However, the planet's …

It is needless to say that travel to and settlement on Mars are associated with extreme levels
of scientific and engineering issues. This will only be amplified with the long-term duration of …

The first missions to Mars may be followed by more extensive visits. Mission duration must
comply with launch windows and time spent on the Martian surface would typically amount …

The concept of terraforming Mars has captured the imagination of scientists and visionaries
for decades, offering the prospect of transforming the Red Planet into a habitable and …

Space medicine is a critical field that addresses the health challenges faced by humans
during space travel and colonization. As humans venture beyond Earth, they encounter …