Current understanding of biodiversity changes in the Permian is presented, especially the
consensus and disagreement on the tempo, duration, and pattern of end-Guadalupian and …

The dominant period of Pleistocene glacial cycles changed during the mid-Pleistocene from
40,000 years to 100,000 years, for as yet unknown reasons. Here we present a 2.1-million …

During the Mid-Pleistocene Transition (MPT; 1,200–800 kya), Earth's orbitally paced ice age
cycles intensified, lengthened from∼ 40,000 (∼ 40 ky) to∼ 100 ky, and became distinctly …

Several hypotheses have been put forward to explain the onset of intensive glaciations on
Greenland, Scandinavia, and North America during the Pliocene epoch between 3.6 and 2.7 …

Here a new analytical methodology is described for measuring the isotopic composition of
boron in foraminifera using multicollector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry …

Accurate records of the state of the ocean carbonate system are critical for understanding
past changes in pCO2, ocean acidification and climate. The chemical principles underlying …

Abstract The Paleocene‐Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM) has been associated with the
release of several thousands of petagrams of carbon (Pg C) as methane and/or carbon …

Geochemical analyses of the carbonate tests calcified by foraminifera have provided much
of the foundation for reconstructions of past ocean and climate conditions, and for …

Uptake of anthropogenic CO2 by the oceans is altering seawater chemistry with potentially
serious consequences for coral reef ecosystems due to the reduction of seawater pH and …

Boron isotopic and elemental systematics are used to define the vital effects for the
temperate shallow water Mediterranean coral Cladocora caespitosa. The corals are from a …