Proteus mirabilis is well known in clinical laboratories and microbiology survey courses as
the species that swarms across agar surfaces, overtaking any other species present in the …

Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium is a primary enteric pathogen infecting both
humans and animals. Infection begins with the ingestion of contaminated food or water so …

Bacteria encounter a myriad of stresses in their natural environments, including, for
pathogens, their hosts. These stresses elicit a variety of specific and highly regulated …

Escherichia coli is a predominant species among facultative anaerobic bacteria of the
gastrointestinal tract. Both its frequent community lifestyle and the availability of a wide array …

Acylation of biomolecules (eg, proteins and small molecules) is a process that occurs in cells
of all domains of life and has emerged as a critical mechanism for the control of many …

Bacterial swarming is an example of dynamic self-assembly in microbiology in which the
collective interaction of a population of bacterial cells leads to emergent behavior. Swarming …

Outer membrane vesicles (OMV) are proposed to mediate multiple functions during
pathogenesis and symbiosis. However, the mechanisms responsible for OMV formation …

The Bae, Cpx, Psp, Rcs, and σE pathways constitute the Escherichia coli signaling systems
that detect and respond to alterations of the bacterial envelope. Contributions of these …

The cell envelope of gram-negative bacteria, a structure comprising an outer (OM) and an
inner (IM) membrane, is essential for life. The OM and the IM are separated by the …

Sequence analysis of the large virulence plasmid pLVPK in Klebsiella pneumoniae CG43
revealed the presence of another mucoid factor encoding gene rmpA besides rmpA2 …