In vitro cell cultures are crucial research tools for modeling human development and
diseases. Although the conventional monolayer cell cultures have been widely used in the …

Tissue and organ biology are very challenging to study in mammals, and progress can be
hindered, particularly in humans, by sample accessibility and ethical concerns. However …

Embryonic stem (ES) cells can undergo many aspects of mammalian embryogenesis in vitro
1, 2, 3, 4, 5, but their developmental potential is substantially extended by interactions with …

The body plan of the mammalian embryo is shaped through the process of gastrulation, an
early developmental event that transforms an isotropic group of cells into an ensemble of …

During embryonic development, epithelial cell blocks called somites are periodically formed
according to the segmentation clock, becoming the foundation for the segmental pattern of …

Early human embryonic development involves extensive lineage diversification, cell-fate
specification and tissue patterning. Despite its basic and clinical importance, early human …

Gastruloids are three-dimensional aggregates of embryonic stem cells that display key
features of mammalian development after implantation, including germ-layer specification …

In recent years considerable progress has been made in the development of faithful
procedures for the differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs). An important step …

Organoids are powerful models for studying tissue development, physiology, and disease.
However, current culture systems disrupt the inductive tissue-tissue interactions needed for …

The emergence of multiple axes is an essential element in the establishment of the
mammalian body plan. This process takes place shortly after implantation of the embryo …