Bottom‐up synthetic biology is the science of building systems that mimic the structure and
function of living cells from scratch. To do this, researchers combine tools from chemistry …

The bottom‐up construction of a synthetic cell from nonliving building blocks capable of
mimicking cellular properties and behaviors helps to understand the particular biophysical …

Bottom-up assembly of higher-order cytomimetic systems capable of coordinated physical
behaviours, collective chemical signalling and spatially integrated processing is a key …

The design of compartmentalized colloids that exhibit biomimetic properties is providing
model systems for develo** synthetic cell-like entities (protocells). Inspired by the cell …

Artificial cells are biomimetic structures formed from molecular building blocks that replicate
biological processes, behaviors, and architectures. Of these building blocks, hydrogels have …

The design and construction of synthetic prototissues from integrated assemblies of artificial
protocells is an important challenge for synthetic biology and bioengineering. Here we …

Lipid bilayer membranes form compartments requisite for life. Interfacing supramolecular
systems, including receptors, catalysts, signal transducers and ion transporters, enables the …

A major goal of synthetic biology is to understand the transition between non-living matter
and life. The bottom-up development of an artificial cell would provide a minimal system with …

Precise discrimination and eradication of cancer cells by immune cells independent of
antigen recognition is promising for solid tumor therapeutics, yet remains a tremendous …

Living cells possess a variety of transmembrane signaling systems that receive chemical
and physical cues from the environment and transduce this information into an intracellular …