As the leading cause of death worldwide, viruses significantly affect global health. Despite
the rapid progress in human healthcare, there are few viricidal and antiviral therapies that …

As a member of the TRIM (tripartite motif) protein family, TRIM56 can function as an E3
ubiquitin ligase. In addition, TRIM56 has been shown to possess deubiquitinase activity and …

Infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV), a double-stranded RNA virus, causes
immunosuppression and high mortality in 3–6-week-old chickens. Innate immune defense is …

Abstract Purpose of Review Tripartite motif (TRIM) proteins are a large group of E3 ubiquitin
ligases involved in different cellular functions. Of special interest are their roles in innate …

Tripartite motif-containing protein 21 (TRIM21), an E3 ubiquitin ligase, plays a critical role in
the host antiviral response. However, the mechanism and antiviral spectrum of TRIM21 in …

Members of the tripartite motif (TRIM) protein family strongly induced by interferons (IFNs)
are parts of the innate immune system with antiviral activity. However, it is still unclear which …

Abstract p53 is a key tumor suppressor. As a transcription factor, p53 accumulates in cells in
response to various stress signals and selectively transcribes its target genes to regulate a …

Ubiquitination is an essential mechanism in the control of antiviral immunity upon virus
infection. Here, we identify a series of ubiquitination-modulating enzymes that are …

The genomes of RNA and small DNA viruses of vertebrates display significant suppression
of CpG dinucleotide frequencies. Artificially increasing dinucleotide frequencies results in …

The tripartite motif protein 21 (TRIM21) belongs to the TRIM family, possessing an E3
ubiquitin ligase activity. Similar to other TRIMs, TRIM21 also contains three domains (named …