A continental rift is a nascent plate boundary where the lithosphere is thinned by tectonic
activity. Some continental rifts undergo extension to the point that they generate a new …

Volatile elements (water, carbon, nitrogen, sulfur, halogens, and noble gases) played an
essential role in the secular evolution of the solid Earth and emergence of life. Here we …

Kimberlite magmatism has occurred in cratonic regions on every continent. The global age
distribution suggests that this form of mantle melting has been more prominent after 1.2 Ga …

Abstract Development of renewable energy infrastructure requires critical raw materials,
such as the rare earth elements (REEs, including scandium) and niobium, and is driving …

Volcanoes are the main pathway to the surface for volatiles that are stored within the Earth.
Carbon dioxide (CO2) is of particular interest because of its potential for climate forcing …

The concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere is a key influence on Earth's climate. Today,
significant quantities of CO2 are emitted at continental rifts, suggesting that the spatial and …

Extremely voluminous magmatic systems known as large igneous provinces (LIPs)
punctuate Earth's history, and the gases they release plausibly link large-scale geodynamic …

Tracking the final fate of subducting carbon is crucial to understanding global carbon cycles
and climate changes in the history of the Earth. Available geochemical tracers such as …

The flux balances of carbon and chlorine between subduction into the deep mantle and
volcanic emissions into the atmosphere are crucial for the habitability of our planet …

The global carbon dioxide (CO2) flux from subaerial volcanoes remains poorly quantified,
limiting our understanding of the deep carbon cycle during geologic time and in modern …