The C-type lectin receptor Dectin-1 was originally described as the β-glucan receptor
expressed in myeloid cells, with crucial functions in antifungal responses. However, over …

Trained immunity is a de facto memory for innate immune responses, leading to long-term
functional reprogramming of innate immune cells. In physiological conditions, trained …

The innate immune system is able to build memory-like features in response to certain
infections or vaccines, resulting in enhanced responsiveness upon (re) challenge with the …

Current coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) vaccines are administered by the intramuscular
route, but this vaccine administration failed to prevent severe acute respiratory syndrome …

Dendritic cells (DCs) bridge innate and adaptive immunity. Their main function is to present
antigens to prime T cells and initiate and shape adaptive responses. Antigen presentation …

Introduction Recurrent urinary tract infections (RUTIs) and recurrent vulvovaginal
candidiasis (RVVCs) represent major healthcare problems all over the world. Antibiotics and …

Although one member of the poxvirus family, variola virus, has caused one of the most
devastating human infections worldwide, smallpox, the knowledge gained over the last 30 …

Bacteria are well known to provide heterologous immunity against viral infections through
various mechanisms including the induction of innate trained immunity and adaptive cross …

The development of novel optimized vaccines against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-
19) that are capable of controlling the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 …

Viral respiratory tract infections are associated with asthma development and exacerbation
in children and adults. In the course of immune responses to viruses, airway epithelial cells …