This study aims to disclose how eye-tracking technology has been applied to studies of
learning, and what eye movement measures have been used for investigations by reviewing …

The Language Experience and Proficiency Questionnaire (LEAP-Q) is a validated
questionnaire tool for collecting self-reported proficiency and experience data from bilingual …

Scientific studies of language behavior need to grapple with a large diversity of languages in
the world and, for reading, a further variability in writing systems. Yet, the ability to form …

Eye-tracking is quickly becoming a valuable tool in applied linguistics research as it
provides a'real-time', direct measure of cognitive processing effort. This book provides a …

We investigated the independent contributions of second language (L2) age of acquisition
(AoA) and social diversity of language use on intrinsic brain organization using seed-based …

Research into second language (L2) reading is an exponentially growing field. Yet, it still
has a relatively short supply of comparable, ecologically valid data from readers …

Normal aging is an inevitable race between increasing knowledge and decreasing cognitive
capacity. Crucial to understanding and promoting successful aging is determining which of …

Despite the multifactorial space of language experience in which people continuously vary,
bilinguals are often dichotomized into ostensibly homogeneous groups. The timing of …

We investigate the origin of differences in the word frequency effect between native
speakers and second-language speakers. In a large-scale analysis of English word …

Individuals show differences in the extent to which psycholinguistic variables predict their
responses for lexical processing tasks. A key variable accounting for much variance in …