The successful clinical application of immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) and chimeric
antigen receptor T cells (CAR-T) therapeutics has attracted extensive attention to …

Background In recent years, disease treatment has evolved strategies that require increase
in pharmaceutical agent's efficacy and selectivity while decreasing their toxicity in normal …

There is need for effective and affordable vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 to tackle the
ongoing pandemic. In this study, we describe a protein nanoparticle vaccine against SARS …

Incidents of viral outbreaks have increased at an alarming rate over the past decades. The
most recent human coronavirus known as COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) has already spread …

Virus-like particles (VLPs) have made giant strides in the field of vaccinology over the last
three decades. VLPs constitute versatile tools in vaccine development due to their …

Immunotherapy has emerged as an effective strategy for the prevention and treatment of a
variety of diseases, including cancer, infectious diseases, inflammatory diseases, and …

The emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) had
become a global concern because of its unexpectedly high pathogenicity and …

The respiratory mucosa is the primary portal of entry for numerous viruses such as the
respiratory syncytial virus, the influenza virus and the parainfluenza virus. These pathogens …

B cells can present antigens to CD4+ T cells, but it is thought that dendritic cells (DCs) are
the primary initiators of naive CD4+ T cell responses. Nanoparticles, including virus-like …

The field of nanotechnology has revolutionised global attempts to prevent, treat, and
eradicate infectious diseases in the foreseen future. Nanovaccines have proven to be a …