Calcium oxalate a highly insoluble crystalline salt of oxalic acid and calcium (CaOx) crystals
are distributed among all taxonomic levels of photosynthetic organisms from small algae to …

Conifers are long‐lived organisms, and part of their success is due to their potent defense
mechanisms. This review focuses on bark defenses, a front line against organisms trying to …

Biomineralization is widespread in the plant kingdom. The most common types of
biominerals in plants are calcium oxalate crystals, calcium carbonate, and silica. Functions …

Calcium oxalate (CaOx) crystals occur as intravacuolar deposits in most angiosperm
species. Different functions have been attributed to these crystals, some of which are very …

The leaf serves as an important assimilation organ of plants, and the anatomical structure of
leaves can reflect the adaptability of the plant to the environment to a certain extent. The …

Effective removal of alkali and alkaline earth metals (AAEM) is of great significance for
promoting biomass pyrolysis. In this study, demineralization via hydrothermal pretreatment …

Lemna spp. of the family Lemnaceae have been widely studied for their potential application
in phytoremediation. A few Lemna species are already being adopted to enhance natural …

Crystals of calcium oxalate have been observed among members from most taxonomic
groups of photosynthetic organisms ranging from the smallest algae to the largest trees. The …

Duckweeds are the smallest flowering plants on Earth. They grow fast on water's surface
and produce large amounts of biomass. Further, duckweeds display high adaptability, and …

Abstract Background and Aims The duckweeds (Lemnaceae) consist of 36 species
exhibiting impressive phenotypic variation, including the progressive evolutionary loss of a …