Since 2006, numerous cases of bacterial symbionts with extraordinarily small genomes
have been reported. These organisms represent independent lineages from diverse …

Psyllids, whiteflies, aphids, and mealybugs are members of the suborder Sternorrhyncha
and share a common property, namely the utilization of plant sap as their food source. Each …

For over 300 million years, insects have relied on symbiotic microbes for nutrition and
defence. However, it is unclear whether specific ecological conditions have repeatedly …

Ants are probably the most dominant insect group on Earth, representing ten to fifteen
percent of animal biomass in terrestrial ecosystems. Flowering plants, meanwhile, owe their …

Many insects rely on bacterial symbionts with tiny genomes specialized for provisioning
nutrients lacking in host diets. Xylem sap and phloem sap are both deficient as insect diets …

The extraordinary abundance of ants in tropical rainforest canopies has led to speculation
that numerous arboreal ant taxa feed principally as “herbivores” of plant and insect …

Genomics has revealed that inheritance systems of separate species are often not well
segregated: genes and capabilities that evolve in one lineage are often stably acquired by …

Host-symbiont cospeciation and reductive genome evolution have been identified in
obligate endocellular insect symbionts, but no such example has been identified from …

Mutualistic intracellular symbiosis between bacteria and insects is a widespread
phenomenon that has contributed to the global success of insects. The symbionts, by …

Both the establishment and outcomes of plant-fungus symbioses can be influenced by
abiotic factors, the interplay of fungal and plant genotypes, and additional microbes …