Anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) antibodies are successfully used in the therapy of
inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). However, the molecular mechanism of action of these …

Methotrexate administered weekly in low doses is a mainstay in the therapy of rheumatoid
arthritis. Although originally developed as a folate antagonist for the treatment of cancer, its …

Objective To compare tumor necrosis factor α inhibitors directly regarding the rates of
treatment response, remission, and the drug survival rate in patients with rheumatoid arthritis …

Background TNF (tumor necrosis factor)‐alpha inhibitors block a key protein in the
inflammatory chain reaction responsible for joint inflammation, pain, and damage in …

Objectives To review the evidence for the efficacy and safety of biological agents in patients
with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) to provide data to develop treatment recommendations by the …

The disorders collectively known as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) include Crohn's
disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). CD, initially credited as having been described in …

Advances in cDNA and monoclonal antibody technology in the 1980s fuelled the discovery
and characterization of the properties of cytokines. It became apparent that because …

Background MicroRNAs (miRNAs) in circulation have emerged as promising biomarkers. In
this study, we aimed to identify a circulating miRNA signature for osteoarthritis (OA) patients …

Background: The comparative effectiveness of rheumatoid arthritis therapies is uncertain.
Purpose: To compare the benefits and harms of disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs …

Objective Patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) who experience treatment failure with one
anti–tumor necrosis factor (anti‐TNF) agent, due to either inefficacy or toxicity, are frequently …