Glutamate is the most commonly engaged neurotransmitter in the mammalian central
nervous system, acting to mediate excitatory neurotransmission. However, high levels of …

Stroke is the second leading cause of mortality and the major cause of adult physical
disability worldwide. The currently available treatment to recanalize the blood flow in acute …

Neuronal cell death occurs extensively during development and pathology, where it is
especially important because of the limited capacity of adult neurons to proliferate or be …

The human brain consumes 20% of the total basal oxygen (O 2) budget to support ATP
intensive neuronal activity. Without sufficient O 2 to support ATP demands, neuronal activity …

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is characterised by the progressive loss of motor neurons in
the brain and spinal cord. This neurodegenerative syndrome shares pathobiological …

Stroke is the second most common cause of death and the leading cause of disability
worldwide. Brain injury following stroke results from a complex series of pathophysiological …

Significance: Blood–brain barrier (BBB) disruption is a major pathological change after
intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and is both the cause and result of oxidative stress and of …

Schizophrenia is recognized to be a highly heterogeneous disease at various levels, from
genetics to clinical manifestations and treatment sensitivity. This heterogeneity is also …

Neurodegenerative disorders are currently incurable devastating diseases which are
characterized by the slow and progressive loss of neurons in specific brain regions …

Interest in excitotoxicity expanded following its implication in the pathogenesis of ischemic
brain injury in the 1980s, but waned subsequent to the failure of N-methyl-D-aspartate …