Abstract Structure and function are highly correlated in the vertebrate retina, a sensory tissue
that is organized into cell layers with microcircuits working in parallel and together to encode …

Mammalian retinal degenerations initiated by gene defects in rods, cones or the retinal
pigmented epithelium (RPE) often trigger loss of the sensory retina, effectively leaving the …

The glycine receptor chloride channel (GlyR) is a member of the nicotinic acetylcholine
receptor family of ligand-gated ion channels. Functional receptors of this family comprise five …

The detection of image motion is fundamental to vision. In many species, unique classes of
retinal ganglion cells selectively respond to visual stimuli that move in specific directions. It is …

Transgenic mice provide a new approach for studying the structure and function of the
mammalian retina. In the past, the cellular organization of the mammalian retina was …

Lateral interactions in the outer retina, particularly negative feedback from horizontal cells to
cones and direct feed-forward input from horizontal cells to bipolar cells, play a number of …

Intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs) expressing the photopigment
melanopsin belong to a heterogenic population of RGCs which regulate the circadian clock …

GABA (1, 4-aminobutanoic acid, γ-aminobutyric acid) is the major inhibitory neurotransmitter
in the brain and is essential for the overall balance between neuronal excitation and …

Neuroligins (NL1–NL4) are postsynaptic adhesion proteins that control the maturation and
function of synapses in the central nervous system (CNS). Loss-of-function mutations in NL4 …

Glutamate and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) are major excitatory and inhibitory
neurotransmitters in the vertebrate retina,“a genuine neural center”(Ramón y Cajal, 1964 …