The repeated adaptation of oceanic threespine sticklebacks to fresh water has made it a
premier organism to study parallel evolution. These small fish have multiple distinct …

Parenting behavior comprises a variety of adult-infant and adult-adult interactions across
multiple timescales. The state transition from nonparent to parent requires an extensive …

Parental care is a critical determinant of offspring fitness, and parents adjust their care in
response to ecological challenges, including predation risk. The experiences of both …

The environment experienced by one generation can influence the phenotypes of future
generations. Because parental cues can be conveyed to offspring at multiple points in time …

Variation in parenting behavior is widespread across the animal kingdom, both within and
between species. There are two ecotypes of the three-spined stickleback fish (Gasterosteus …

Phenotypic plasticity might influence evolutionary processes such as adaptive radiations.
Plasticity in parental care might be especially effective in facilitating adaptive radiations if it …

The temperament of animals can vary among individuals and among populations, but it is
often unclear whether spatial variation in temperament is the result of acclimation to local …

The mechanisms underlying the divergence of reproductive strategies between closely
related species are still poorly understood. Additionally, it is unclear which selective factors …

We use population genetics to model the evolution of a gene with an indirect effect owing to
paternal care and with a second pleiotropic, direct effect on offspring viability. We use the …

Extreme temperature events, such as heat waves, can have lasting effects on the behavior,
physiology, and reproductive success of organisms. Here, we examine the impact of short …