The cortisol awakening response (CAR) is frequently assessed in psychobiological (stress)
research. Obtaining reliable CAR data, however, requires careful attention to …

The interest in the systematic study of the circadian typology (CT) is relatively recent and has
developed rapidly in the two last decades. All the existing data suggest that this individual …

Chronotype can be defined as an expression or proxy for circadian rhythms of varied
mechanisms, for example in body temperature, cortisol secretion, cognitive functions, eating …

Background: Light–dark alternation has always been the strongest external circadian
“zeitgeber” for humans. Due to its growing technological preference, our society is quickly …

In humans, the secretion of cortisol from the adrenal glands follows a diurnal cycle with a
profound increase after awakening. This increase after awakening, a phenomenon termed …

The magnitude of the cortisol awakening response, a relatively new indicator of
hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenocortical (HPA) axis activation, has been related to a number …

Several studies have shown the differences among chronotypes in the circadian rhythm of
different physiological variables. Individuals show variation in their preference for the daily …

Stress is one of the most significant health problems in modern societies and the 21st
century. This explains a pressing need for investigations into the biological pathways linking …

Circadian rhythms, among other factors, have been shown to regulate key physiological
processes involved in athletic performance [1–7]. Personal best performance of athletes in …

In healthy individuals, the majority of cortisol secretion occurs within several hours
surrounding morning awakening. A highly studied component of this secretory period is the …