Bacterial biofilms are complex microbial communities encased in extracellular polymeric
substances. Their formation is a multi-step process. Biofilms are a significant problem in …

Compared with the extensive data on left‐sided infective endocarditis (IE), there is much
less published information on the features and management of right‐sided IE. Right‐sided …

Pacemaker treatment for bradyarrhythmia was first approved for national health insurance
coverage in Japan in 1974, and its use rapidly became widespread thereafter …

The recommendations listed in this guideline are, whenever possible, evidence based. An
initial extensive evidence review, which included literature derived from research involving …

Pacemakers, implantable cardiac defibrillators, and cardiac resynchronization therapy
devices are potentially life-saving treatments for a number of cardiac conditions, but are not …

The recommendations listed in this guideline are, whenever possible, evidence based. An
initial extensive evidence review, which included literature derived from research involving …

Background Infections after placement of cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs) are
associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. There is limited evidence on prophylactic …

The number of cardiac implantable electronic device (CIED) implantations has increased
over recent years 1, 2 as a result of population growth, increasing life expectancy, adoption …

The role of cardiac implantable electronic device (CIED)-related tricuspid regurgitation (TR)
is increasingly recognized as an independent clinical entity. Hence, interventional TR …

The American Heart Association sponsored the first iteration of a scientific statement that
addressed all aspects of cardiovascular implantable electronic device infection in 2010 …