The ability of chemical modifications of single nucleotides to alter the electrostatic charge,
hydrophobic surface and base pairing of RNA molecules is exploited for the clinical use of …

The prevalence of obesity has tripled over the past four decades, imposing an enormous
burden on people's health. Polygenic (or common) obesity and rare, severe, early-onset …

Obesity research is advancing swiftly, but the increase in obesity prevalence is faster. Over
the past three decades, researchers have found that biopsychosocial factors determine …

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) involve testing genetic variants across the
genomes of many individuals to identify genotype–phenotype associations. GWAS have …

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a highly heritable and heterogeneous group of
neurodevelopmental phenotypes diagnosed in more than 1% of children. Common genetic …

There is a genetic component to human obesity that accounts for 40% to 50% of the
variability in body weight status but that is lower among normal weight individuals (about …

Sequence variants in the parental genomes that are not transmitted to a child (the proband)
are often ignored in genetic studies. Here we show that nontransmitted alleles can affect a …

The mechanism of insulin action is a central theme in biology and medicine. In addition to
the rather rare condition of insulin deficiency caused by autoimmune destruction of …

Background Over the past 20 years, insights from human and mouse genetics have
illuminated the central role of the brain leptin-melanocortin pathway in the control of …

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) for BMI, waist-to-hip ratio, and other adiposity
traits have identified more than 300 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Although …