Plant diseases caused by necrotrophic fungal pathogens result in large economic losses in
field crop production worldwide. Effectors are important players of plant-pathogen interaction …

Programmed cell death is a genetically regulated process of cell suicide that is central to the
development, homeostasis and integrity of multicellular organisms. Conversely, the …

INTRODUCTION Nucleotide-binding (NB), leucine-rich repeat (LRR) receptors (NLRs)
mediate plant immunity by directly or indirectly sensing pathogen effector proteins delivered …

Chloroplasts are important for photosynthesis and for plant immunity against microbial
pathogens. Here we identify a haustorium-specific protein (Pst_12806) from the wheat stripe …

Plant-parasitic nematodes are costly burdens of crop production. Ubiquitous in nature,
phytoparasitic nematodes are associated with nearly every important agricultural crop and …

The genome of the soybean pathogen Phytophthora sojae contains nearly 400 genes
encoding candidate effector proteins carrying the host cell entry motif RXLR-dEER. Here, we …

The decade since the publication of the third edition of this volume has been an era of great
progress in biology in general and the plant sciences in particular. This is especially true …

The plant immune system is activated by microbial patterns that are detected as nonself
molecules. Such patterns are recognized by immune receptors that are cytoplasmic or …

In flowering plants, tapetum degeneration is proposed to be triggered by a programmed cell
death (PCD) process during late stages of pollen development; the PCD is thought to …

The plant response to attempted infection by microbial pathogens is often accompanied by
rapid cell death in and around the initial infection site, a reaction known as the …