Recent global temperature reconstructions for the current interglacial period (the Holocene,
beginning 11,700 years ago) have generated contrasting trends. This Review examines …

Executive summary The health of the planet and its people are at risk. The deterioration of
the global commons—ie, the natural systems that support life on Earth—is exacerbating …

This planetary boundaries framework update finds that six of the nine boundaries are
transgressed, suggesting that Earth is now well outside of the safe operating space for …

The stability and resilience of the Earth system and human well-being are inseparably
linked,–, yet their interdependencies are generally under-recognized; consequently, they …

2 Chapter 2 assesses observed large-scale changes in climate system drivers, key climate
indicators and 3 principal modes of variability. Chapter 3 considers model performance and …

Climate changes across the past 24,000 years provide key insights into Earth system
responses to external forcing. Climate model simulations, and proxy data,,,,–have …

The AR5 concluded that human influence on the climate system is clear, evident from
increasing greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere, positive radiative forcing …

Proxy reconstructions from marine sediment cores indicate peak temperatures in the first half
of the last and current interglacial periods (the thermal maxima of the Holocene epoch …

Abstract In 2012, Hurricane Sandy hit the East Coast of the United States, creating
widespread coastal flooding and over 60billioninreportedeconomicdamage.Thepotentialinfluenceofclimatechangeonth …

Anthropogenic climate change is currently driving environmental transformation on a scale
and at a pace that exceeds historical records. This represents an undeniably serious …