Tumoricidal photodynamic (PDT) and photothermal (PTT) therapies harness light to
eliminate cancer cells with spatiotemporal precision by either generating reactive oxygen …

Cellular mechanotransduction, a critical regulator of numerous biological processes, is the
conversion from mechanical signals to biochemical signals regarding cell activities and …

Immunotherapy has made remarkable strides in cancer therapy over the past decade.
However, such emerging therapy still suffers from the low response rates and immune …

Two-dimensional and three-dimensional cell culture systems are widely used for biological
studies, and are the basis of the organoid, tissue engineering and organ-on-chip research …

Kidney fibrosis, characterized by excessive deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) that
leads to tissue scarring, is the final common outcome of a wide variety of chronic kidney …

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has aroused great research interest in recent years owing to its
high spatiotemporal selectivity, minimal invasiveness, and low systemic toxicity. However …

Extracellular matrix (ECM) is a dynamic 3‐dimensional network of macromolecules that
provides structural support for the cells and tissues. Accumulated knowledge clearly …

Glycoconjugates are major constituents of mammalian cells that are formed via covalent
conjugation of carbohydrates to other biomolecules like proteins and lipids and often …

Nanoparticle (NP)-based therapeutics have ushered in a new era in translational medicine.
However, despite the clinical success of NP technology, it is not well-understood how NPs …

Bone-tissue defects affect millions of people worldwide. Despite being common treatment
approaches, autologous and allogeneic bone grafting have not achieved the ideal …