Epithelial tight junctions define the paracellular permeability of the intestinal barrier.
Molecules can cross the tight junctions via two distinct size-selective and charge-selective …

Key Points Magnesium Disorders The normal serum magnesium concentration in adults is
1.7 to 2.4 mg per deciliter (0.7 to 1.0 mmol per liter) and is tightly controlled through intestinal …

Tight junctions (TJs) are intercellular junctions critical for building the epithelial barrier and
maintaining epithelial polarity. The claudin family of membrane proteins play central roles in …

The integration of single cell transcriptome and chromatin accessibility datasets enables a
deeper understanding of cell heterogeneity. We performed single nucleus ATAC (snATAC …

Intestinal barrier dysfunction and dysbiosis contribute to development of diseases in liver
and other organs. Physical, immunologic, and microbiologic (bacterial, fungal, archaeal …

Kidney stones (also known as urinary stones or nephrolithiasis) are highly prevalent,
affecting approximately 10% of adults worldwide, and the incidence of stone disease is …

Epithelia and endothelia separate different tissue compartments and protect multicellular
organisms from the outside world. This requires the formation of tight junctions, selective …

Mucosal surfaces are lined by epithelial cells. In the intestine, the epithelium establishes a
selectively permeable barrier that supports nutrient absorption and waste secretion while …

Claudins are cell–cell adhesion molecules located at the tight junctions (TJs) between cells
in epithelial cell sheets. The claudin family in mammals consists of 27 four-transmembrane …

Vitamin D is a critical regulator of calcium and bone homeostasis. While vitamin D has
multiple effects on bone and calcium metabolism, the regulation of intestinal calcium (Ca) …