Microbial ecology is currently undergoing a revolution, with repercussions spreading
throughout microbiology, ecology and ecosystem science. The rapid accumulation of …

Stackelberg evolutionary game (SEG) theory combines classical and evolutionary game
theory to frame interactions between a rational leader and evolving followers. In some of …

Understanding speciation is a fundamental biological problem. It is believed that many
species originated through allopatric divergence, where new species arise from …

The emergence of language was a defining moment in the evolution of modern humans. It
was an innovation that changed radically the character of human society. Here, we provide …

We present a formal framework for modeling evolutionary dynamics with special emphasis
on the generation of diversity through branching of the evolutionary tree. Fitness is defined …

If someone is nice to you, you feel good and may be inclined to be nice to somebody else.
This every day experience is borne out by experimental games: the recipients of an act of …

In many biological examples of cooperation, individuals that cooperate cannot benefit from
the resulting public good. This is especially clear in cases of self-destructive cooperation …

Coexistence of cooperators and defectors is common in nature, yet the evolutionary origin of
such social diversification is unclear. Many models have been studied on the basis of the …

Abstract Models of adaptive speciation are typically concerned with demonstrating that it is
possible for ecologically driven disruptive selection to lead to the evolution of assortative …

Hosts have evolved a diverse range of defence mechanisms in response to challenge by
infectious organisms (parasites and pathogens). Whether defence is through avoidance of …