The vital role of terrestrial biogeochemical cycles in influencing global climate change is
explored by modelling groups internationally through land surface models (LSMs) coupled …

Sea level rise (SLR) is a major concern for Europe, where 30 million people live in the
historical 1-in-100-year event flood coastal plains. The latest IPCC assessment reports …

This paper complements a series of now four publications that document the release of the
Earth System Model Evaluation Tool (ESMValTool) v2. 0. It describes new diagnostics on …

Global climate models are a keystone of modern climate research. In most applications
relevant for decision making, they are assumed to provide a plausible range of possible …

Systematic, routine, and comprehensive evaluation of Earth system models (ESMs)
facilitates benchmarking improvement across model generations and identifying the …

Earth System Models (ESMs) participating in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project
Phase 5 (CMIP5) showed large uncertainties in simulating atmospheric CO 2 …

As the resolution of global Earth system models increases, regional-scale evaluations are
becoming ever more important. This study presents a framework for quantifying precipitation …

A newly available radiative flux dataset specifically designed to enable the evaluation of the
diurnal cycle in top-of-atmosphere (TOA) fluxes as captured by climate and Earth system …

Despite significant advances in atmospheric measurements and modeling, clouds' response
to human-induced climate warming remains the largest source of uncertainty in model …

Larix principis-rupprechtii Mayr (larch) is one of the main afforestation and timber production
species used in North China. Climate change has led to a change in its suitable distribution …