El Niño events are characterized by surface warming of the tropical Pacific Ocean and
weakening of equatorial trade winds that occur every few years. Such conditions are …

BACKGROUND Ocean-atmosphere interactions in the tropics have a profound influence on
the climate system. El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO), which is spawned in the tropical …

El Niño and La Niña events in the tropical Pacific have significant and disrupting impacts on
the global atmospheric and oceanic circulation. El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) …

Understanding ENSO Diversity in: Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society Volume 96
Issue 6 (2015) Jump to Content Jump to Main Navigation Logo Logo Logo Logo Logo Logo …

Subtle but important differences are identified between the 1997/1998 and 2015/2016
extreme El Niños that reflect fundamental differences in their underlying dynamics. The …

To better understand the diverse temporal evolutions of observed El Niño‒Southern
Oscillation (ENSO) events, which are characterized as single-or multi-year, this study …

Abstract Purpose of Review This paper reviews recent progress in understanding of the
North Pacific Meridional Mode (NPMM) and its influence on the timing, magnitude, flavor …

In this study, we reveal a marked enhanced impact of the early-spring Aleutian Low (AL) on
the following winter El Niño and Southern Oscillation (ENSO) after the late-1990s. This …

ENSO events display large interevent differences in amplitude, spatial pattern, and temporal
evolution. The differences in spatial pattern, which have important consequences for ENSO …

This paper reviews recent progress made by Chinese scientists on the pathways of
influence of the Northern Hemisphere mid-high latitudes on East Asian climate within the …