Background Chronic and/or extreme stress in early life, often referred to as early adversity,
childhood trauma, or early life stress, has been associated with a wide range of adverse …

An extensive literature on childhood adversity and neurodevelopment has emerged over the
past decade. We evaluate two conceptual models of adversity and neurodevelopment—the …

Two extant frameworks–the harshness-unpredictability model and the threat-deprivation
model–attempt to explain which dimensions of adversity have distinct influences on …

Background Transdiagnostic processes confer risk for multiple types of psychopathology
and explain the co-occurrence of different disorders. For this reason, transdiagnostic …

We review the three prevailing approaches—specificity, cumulative risk, and dimensional
models—to conceptualizing the developmental consequences of early-life adversity and …

Potential long-lasting adverse effects of child maltreatment have been widely reported,
although little is known about the distinctive long-term impact of differing types of …

Emerging evidence suggests that partially distinct mechanisms may underlie the association
between different dimensions of early life adversity (ELA) and psychopathology in children …

It is commonly assumed that a person's emotional state can be readily inferred from his or
her facial movements, typically called emotional expressions or facial expressions. This …

Childhood maltreatment is associated with increased risk for most forms of psychopathology.
We examine emotion dysregulation as a transdiagnostic mechanism linking maltreatment …

Exposure to stress during critical periods in development can have severe long-term
consequences, increasing overall risk on psychopathology. One of the key stress response …