Climate change is expected to intensify existing problems and create new combinations of
risks, particularly in Africa. The situation is made worst due to factor such as widespread …

This paper synthesizes peer-reviewed literature on smallholders' adaptation to climate
change in develo** countries. The synthesis shows that multiple definitions of adaptation …

Land systems are the result of human interactions with the natural environment.
Understanding the drivers, state, trends and impacts of different land systems on social and …

Land use and land cover change (LULCC) is the result of complex human-environmental
interactions. The high interdependencies in social-ecological systems make it difficult to …

Rural areas still account for almost half the world's population, and about 70% of the
develo** world's poor people.{9.1. 1}. There is a lack of clear definition of what constitutes …

Largely dependent on rain-fed agriculture, the West African populations could be severely
impacted by climate change and variability. In this paper, we performed a literature review …

Climate variability poses a significant threat to many sectors of Sub-Saharan Africa's
economy. Agriculture is one of the most climate sensitive sectors because of its dependence …

Woody vegetation in farmland acts as a carbon sink and provides ecosystem services for
local people, but no macroscale assessments of the impact of management and climate on …

Understanding how individuals perceive their ability to adapt to climate change is critical to
understanding adaptation decision-making. Drawing on a survey of 483 smallholder farmer …

Studies have generally shown that climate change has tremendous impacts on cocoa
productivity. Although there is an increasing proliferation of studies on adaptation strategies …