Mycorrhizas are among the most important biological interkingdom interactions, as they
involve~ 340,000 land plants and~ 50,000 taxa of soil fungi. In these mutually beneficial …

Plant pathogens are one of the main factors hindering the breeding of cash crops.
Pathogens, including oomycetes, fungus, and bacteria, secrete effectors as invasion …

Endophytic fungi infect plant tissues by evading the immune response, potentially
stimulating stress-tolerant plant growth. The plant selectively allows microbial colonization to …

Plants interact with a diversity of microorganisms that influence their growth and resilience,
and they can therefore be considered as ecological entities, namely “plant holobionts,” …

Plant-associated microbiota can extend plant immune system function, improve nutrient
acquisition and availability, and alleviate abiotic stresses. Thus, naturally beneficial …

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can form a mutually beneficial symbiotic relationship
with most land plants. They are known to secrete lysin motif (LysM) effectors into host root …

Plants encounter various microbes in nature and must respond appropriately to symbiotic or
pathogenic ones. In rice, the receptor-like kinase OsCERK1 is involved in recognizing both …

Mycorrhizal symbioses between plants and fungi are vital for the soil structure, nutrient
cycling, plant diversity, and ecosystem sustainability. More than 250 000 plant species are …

Plant–fungal interactions are widespread in nature, and their multiple benefits for plant
growth and health have been amply demonstrated. Endophytic and epiphytic fungi can …

Fungal pathogens are major destructive microorganisms for land plants and pose growing
challenges to global crop production. Chitin is a vital building block for fungal cell walls and …