Phytoplankton are the base of the Antarctic food web, sustain the wealth and diversity of life
for which Antarctica is renowned, and play a critical role in biogeochemical cycles that …

Patterns of environmental spatial structure lie at the heart of the most fundamental and
familiar patterns of diversity on Earth. Antarctica contains some of the strongest …

Estimates of primary production in the Southern Ocean are difficult to obtain but are
essential if we are to understand its role in the global carbon cycle. Here we present a 9 …

After the successful Coastal Zone Color Scanner (CZCS, 1978–1986) demonstration that
quantitative estimations of geophysical variables such as chlorophyll a and diffuse …

To understand how planet Earth works we study it increasingly as a system–a collection of
interdependent parts or spheres–the lithosphere, the hydrosphere, the cryosphere, the …

Large‐scale estimates of the Southern Ocean CO2 sink do not adequately resolve the fluxes
associated with Antarctic continental shelves. Using a mechanistic three‐dimensional …

Due to its importance as a limiting nutrient for phytoplankton growth in large regions of the
world's oceans, ocean water column observations of concentration of the trace-metal iron …

The continental shelf of the Ross Sea exhibits substantial variations in physical forcing, ice
cover, and biological processes on a variety of time and space scales. Its circulation is …

Polynyas are persistent and recurrent regions of open water and/or thin ice or reduced ice
concentration, tens to tens of thousands of square kilometers in areal extent, that occur …

In the Ocean, the seasonal cycle is the mode that couples climate forcing to ecosystem
response in production, diversity and carbon export. A better characterisation of the …