The remote sensing (RS) technique is less cost-and labour-intensive than ground-based
surveys for diverse applications in agriculture. Machine learning (ML), a branch of artificial …

The Earth's climate is largely determined by its energy budget. Since the 1960s, satellite
remote sensing has been used in estimating these energy budget components at both the …

Air temperature (Ta) is an essential climatological component that controls and influences
various earth surface processes. In this study, we make the first attempt to employ deep …

The canopy layer urban heat island (CLUHI) and surface urban heat island (SUHI) refer to
higher canopy layer and land surface temperatures in urban areas than in rural areas …

An accurate spatially continuous air temperature data set is crucial for multiple applications
in the environmental and ecological sciences. Existing spatial interpolation methods have …

Abstract The Tibetan Plateau (TP) is an important Asian water tower for livelihood, irrigation,
hydropower, and downstream ecosystems. Hydrological predictions in the TP have long …

Thermal infrared remotely sensed near-surface air temperature (T a) can provide gridded
temperature information at relatively high spatial and temporal resolutions, and such …

Land surface temperature (Ts) and near-surface air temperature (Ta) are key parameters in
multiple research fields. In this study, a global seamless (without missing values) and high …