The study of individual behavioral variation, sometimes called animal personalities or
behavioral types, is now a well-established area of research in behavioral ecology and …

Within animal populations there is variation among individuals in their tendency to be social,
where more sociable individuals associate more with other individuals. Consistent inter …

The pace-of-life syndrome (POLS) hypothesis specifies that closely related species or
populations experiencing different ecological conditions should differ in a suite of metabolic …

Recent studies in the field of behavioural ecology have revealed intriguing variation in
behaviour within single populations. Increasing evidence suggests that individual animals …

Behavioral traits and diet were traditionally thought to be highly plastic within individuals.
This view was espoused in the widespread use of optimality models, which broadly predict …

Recent studies of animal personality have focused on its proximate causation and its
ecological and evolutionary significance, but have mostly ignored questions about its …

The study of phenotypic evolution should be an integrative endeavor that combines different
approaches and crosses disciplinary and phylogenetic boundaries to consider complex …

This introduction to the themed issue on Evolutionary and ecological approaches to the
study of personality provides an overview of conceptual, theoretical and methodological …

In this paper we show how animal personality could explain some of the large inter‐
individual variation in resting metabolic rate (MR) and explore methodological and …

Many animals exhibit behavioural syndromes—consistent individual differences in
behaviour across two or more contexts or situations. Here, we present adaptive, state …