Nafion ionomers were developed and are produced by the EI DuPont Company. These
materials are generated by copolymerization of a perfluorinated vinyl ether comonomer with …

The discovery and development of new chemical reactions is a major focus of research
activity in organic chemistry. The chemical synthesis of molecules provided by Nature has …

The hydrolysis of cellulose into saccharides using a range of solid catalysts is investigated
for potential application in the environmentally benign saccharification of cellulose …

Solid acid catalysts have served as important functional materials for the petroleum refinery
industry, such as in the cracking processes, and for the production of chemicals. 1 At …

Homogeneous Brønsted acid catalysts such as H2SO4 and HCl are used for the production
of industrially important chemicals. However, their use requires significant energy costs for …

Hydrocarbons and their transformations play major roles in chemistry as raw materials and
sources of energy. Diminishing petroleum supplies, regulatory problems, and environmental …

Incomplete carbonization of sulfoaromatic hydrocarbons results in a carbon material that
consists of small polycyclic aromatic carbon sheets with attached SO 3 H groups (see …

This paper is a survey of the studies made in recent years on perfluorinated membranes,
structure properties and applications. The properties and structure of these membranes …

The chemistry of superacids has developed in the last two decades into a field of growing
interest and importance. Now available in a new expanded second edition, this definitive …

Carbonization of d-glucose at 573− 723 K followed by sulfonation produces a functionalized
amorphous carbon material with acid catalytic activity as a solid-acid replacement for sulfuric …