The pH plays an important physiological role in nature and humans. pH varies from 1 to 8 in
human organs with tight regulation in blood and epithelia of barrier organs. The …

Background Air pollution is killing close to 5 million people a year, and harming billions
more. Air pollution levels remain extremely high in many parts of the world, and air pollution …

Skin barrier dysfunction has been reported in both atopic dermatitis (AD) and food allergy
(FA). However, only one-third of patients with AD have FA. The purpose of this study was to …

Hereditary ichthyoses are due to mutations on one or both alleles of more than 30 different
genes, mainly expressed in the upper epidermis. Syndromic as well as nonsyndromic forms …

The upper layer of our skin, the stratum corneum (SC), is a versatile material that combines
mechanical strength with efficient barrier function. In this paper, we discuss these …

Background: Skin is the interface between an organism and the external environment, and
hence the stratum corneum (SC) is the first to withstand mechanical insults that, in certain …

Corneocytes in mammalian stratum corneum are surrounded by a monolayer of covalently
bound ω-OH-ceramides that form the corneocyte (-bound) lipid envelope (CLE). We review …

I review how diverse inherited and acquired abnormalities in epidermal structural and
enzymatic proteins converge to produce defective permeability barrier function and …

The stratum corneum extracellular matrix (ECM) is enriched in lipids that are organized into
lamellar bilayers, whose molecular architecture is now known. Although these bilayers are …

The skin is the largest and the most exposed organ in the body and its defense is regulated
at several anatomical levels. Here, we explore how skin layers, including the epidermis …