Although cells in many brain regions respond to reward, the cortical-basal ganglia circuit is
at the heart of the reward system. The key structures in this network are the anterior …

Abstract The Research Domain Criteria (RDoC), developed by the National Institute of
Mental Health as a neuroscience-informed alternative to traditional psychiatric nosology, is …

Biomarkers have transformed modern medicine but remain largely elusive in psychiatry,
partly because there is a weak correspondence between diagnostic labels and their …

The neural networks that putatively modulate aspects of normal emotional behavior have
been implicated in the pathophysiology of mood disorders by converging evidence from …

Apathy and anhedonia are common syndromes of motivation that are associated with a wide
range of brain disorders and have no established therapies. Research using animal models …

Anhedonia is a core symptom of major depressive disorder (MDD), the neurobiological
mechanisms of which remain poorly understood. Despite decades of speculation regarding …

This review begins with a brief historical overview of attempts in the first half of the 20th
century to discern brain systems that underlie emotion and emotional behavior. These early …

▪ Abstract Depression is a disorder of the representation and regulation of mood and
emotion. The circuitry underlying the representation and regulation of normal emotion and …

Objective: A role for aberrant reward processing in the pathogenesis of depression has long
been proposed. However, no review has yet examined its role in depression by integrating …

Objective: Major depressive disorder is characterized by impaired reward processing,
possibly due to dysfunction in the basal ganglia. However, few neuroimaging studies of …