Metformin was first used to treat type 2 diabetes in the late 1950s and in 2022 remains the
first-choice drug used daily by approximately 150 million people. An accumulation of …

The endothelium, a cellular monolayer lining the blood vessel wall, plays a critical role in
maintaining multiorgan health and homeostasis. Endothelial functions in health include …

Coronary artery disease (CAD) and its complications are the leading cause of death
worldwide. Inflammatory activation and dysfunction of the endothelium are key events in the …

The numerous beneficial health outcomes associated with the use of metformin to treat
patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM), together with data from pre-clinical studies in animals …

Aging is a natural process, which plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of a variety of
diseases, ie, aging-related diseases, such as diabetes, osteoarthritis, Alzheimer disease …

Long COVID, a type of post-acute sequelae of severe acute respiratory syndrome
coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)(PASC) defined by medically unexplained symptoms following …

Cardiovascular and metabolic diseases (CVMD) are the leading causes of death worldwide,
underscoring the urgent necessity to develop new pharmacotherapies. Berberine (BBR) is …

Metformin is the oldest and most commonly used first-line antidiabetic drug because of its
good clinical efficacy, high safety, low cost and easy access. At the same time, in recent …

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), a devastating complication of numerous
conditions, is often associated with high mortality. It is well known that endothelial cell (EC) …

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) constitute the prime cause of global mortality, with an
immense impact on patient quality of life and disability. Clinical evidence has revealed a …