Nature has developed materials, objects and processes that function from the macroscale to
the nanoscale. These have gone through evolution over 3.8 Gyr. The emerging field of …

Robotics researchers increasingly agree that ideas from biology and self-organization can
strongly benefit the design of autonomous robots. Biological organisms have evolved to …

Supramolecular chemistry and nanochemistry are two strongly interrelated cutting edge
frontiers in research in the chemical sciences. The results of recent work in the area are now …

Mussels adhere to a variety of surfaces by depositing a highly specific ensemble of 3, 4-
dihydroxyphenyl-l-alanine (DOPA) containing proteins. The adhesive properties of Mytilus …

Far from the line drawings and black-and-white photos of the past, Infectious Diseases and
Pathology of Reptiles features high-quality, color photos of normal anatomy and histology …

Fundamentals of Tribology deals with the fundamentals of lubrication, friction and wear, as
well as mechanics of contacting surfaces and their topography. It begins by introducing the …

Nature has developed reversibly adhesive surfaces whose stickiness has attracted much
research attention over the last decade. The central lesson from nature is that “patterned” or …

Over millions of years, animals have evolved to a higher intelligent level for their
environment. A large number of diverse surface structures on their bodies have been formed …

The combination of patterning technologies [1, 2] and responsive polymer materials [3] has
allowed us to create microstructured surfaces with switchable adherence. The …

Geckos, which can walk upside down on vertical and underneath horizontal surfaces, owe
this ability to the hierarchical structures under their toes. These structures are responsible for …