Compulsion is a cardinal symptom of drug addiction (severe substance use disorder).
However, compulsion is observed in only a small proportion of individuals who repeatedly …

While pharmacological, behavioral and psychosocial treatments are available for substance
use disorders (SUDs), they are not always effective or well-tolerated. Neuromodulation (NM) …

Background Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is a chronic, relapsing brain disorder that accounts
for 5% of deaths annually, and there is an urgent need to develop new targets for …

The dopaminergic system plays important roles in neuromodulation, such as motor control,
motivation, reward, cognitive function, maternal, and reproductive behaviors. Dopamine is a …

Gambling disorder is characterized by a persistent, recurrent pattern of gambling that is
associated with substantial distress or impairment. The prevalence of gambling disorder has …

In the past decades, reductionism has dominated both research directions and funding
policies in clinical psychology and psychiatry. The intense search for the biological basis of …

Drug, alcohol and tobacco use disorders are a global burden affecting millions of people.
Despite decades of research, treatment options are sparse or missing, and relapse rates are …

The nucleus accumbens is a major input structure of the basal ganglia and integrates
information from cortical and limbic structures to mediate goal-directed behaviors. Chronic …

The incentive-sensitization theory (IST) of addiction was first published in 1993, proposing
that (a) brain mesolimbic dopamine systems mediate incentive motivation (“wanting”) for …

Psychedelic therapy has witnessed a resurgence in interest in the last decade from the
scientific and medical communities with evidence now building for its safety and efficacy in …