There are 9 million cases of active tuberculosis reported annually; however, an estimated
one-third of the world's population is infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis and remains …

Interleukin‐10 (IL‐10)‐secreting T regulatory type 1 (Tr1) cells are defined by their specific
cytokine production profile, which includes the secretion of high levels of IL‐10 and …

Transcription factor Foxp3 is critical for generating regulatory T cells (Treg cells).
Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) induces Foxp3 and suppressive Treg cells from naive …

The different manifestations of infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis reflect the balance
between the bacillus and host defense mechanisms. Traditionally, protective immunity to …

Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a leading cause of mortality worldwide and establishes a
long-lived latent infection in a substantial proportion of the human population. Multiple lines …

Allergic diseases are caused by aberrant T-helper-2 immune responses in susceptible
individuals. Both naturally occurring CD4+ CD25+ regulatory T cells and inducible …

The immune system evolved to protect the host against the attack of foreign, potentially
pathogenic, microorganisms. It does so by recognizing antigens expressed by those …

Surviving a given infection requires the generation of a controlled immune response. Failure
to establish or restore homeostatic conditions during or following the onset of an infection …

The adaptive immune response mediated by T cells is critical for control of Mycobacterium
tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) infection in humans. However, the M. tuberculosis antigens …

During gaseous exchange the lungs are exposed to a vast variety of pathogens, allergens,
and innocuous particles. A feature of the lung immune response to lung-tropic aerosol …