Fungal invasions are increasingly recognized as a significant component of global changes,
threatening ecosystem health and damaging food production. Invasive fungi also provide …

Cooperation occurs at all levels of life, from genomes, complex cells and multicellular
organisms to societies and mutualisms between species. A major question for evolutionary …

Sexual reproduction is a fundamental aspect of life. It is defined by the occurrence of meiosis
and the fusion of two gametes of different sexes or mating types. Sex-determination …

Many species of fungal plant pathogens coexist as multiple lineages on the same host, but
the factors underlying the origin and maintenance of population structure remain largely …

Evolvability is best addressed from a multi-level, macroevolutionary perspective through a
comparative approach that tests for among-clade differences in phenotypic diversification in …

Theory suggests that occasional or conditional sex involving facultative switching between
sexual and asexual reproduction is the optimal reproductive strategy. Therefore, the true …

Animal morphology is influenced by several factors, including gonadal development and
gametogenesis. Although their effects are well documented in male/female differentiation …

In evolutionary ecology, coevolution is typically defined as reciprocal evolution of interacting
species. However, outside the context of interacting species, the term “coevolution” is also …

The evolution of multicellular life from unicellular ancestral types involves a hierarchical shift
in the level at which selection operates. The shift, from cells to collectives, depends on the …

The high prevalence of sexual reproduction is considered a paradox mainly for two reasons.
First, asexuals should enjoy various growth benefits because they seemingly rid themselves …