Tip** elements are components of the Earth system which may respond nonlinearly to
anthropogenic climate change by transitioning toward substantially different long‐term …

The Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) extends from the Southern Ocean to
the northern North Atlantic, transporting heat northwards throughout the South and North …

Since the inception of the international South Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation
initiative in the 21st century, substantial advances have been made in observing and …

Ocean boundary current systems are key components of the climate system, are home to
highly productive ecosystems, and have numerous societal impacts. Establishment of a …

Six years of simultaneous moored observations near the western and eastern boundaries of
the South Atlantic are combined with satellite winds to produce a daily time series of the …

Abstract The transfer of Indian Ocean thermocline and intermediate waters into the South
Atlantic via the Agulhas leakage is generally believed to be primarily accomplished through …

Conceived as a major new tool for climate studies, the Surface Water and Ocean
Topography (SWOT) satellite mission will launch in late 2021 and will retrieve the dynamics …

A regional assessment of three global ocean reanalysis products is presented for southern
Africa's major oceanographic features. The reanalyses include Mercator Ocean's Global …

Under the umbrella of SPACES (Science Partnerships for the Adaptation to Complex Earth
System Processes in Southern Africa), several marine projects have been conducted to …

Variations in the mass and heat transported by the meridional overturning circulation (MOC)
have important, well‐documented, influences on global and regional climate, weather …