Acinetobacter baumannii is a leading cause of nosocomial infections due to its increased
antibiotic resistance and virulence. The ability of A. baumannii to form biofilms contributes to …

Quorum sensing (QS), a microbial cell-to-cell communication process, dynamically regulates
a variety of metabolism and physiological activities. In this review, we provide an update on …

SCC mec is a large mobile genetic element that includes the mecA gene and confers
resistance to β-lactam antibiotics in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) …

Small proteins are traditionally overlooked due to computational and experimental
difficulties in detecting them. To systematically identify small proteins, we carried out a …

Chronic infections are frequently caused by polymicrobial biofilms. Importantly, these
infections are often difficult to treat effectively in part due to the recalcitrance of biofilms to …

Biofilms comprising aggregates of microorganisms or multicellular communities have been a
major issue as they cause resistance against antimicrobial agents and biofouling. To date …

Transformation is a widespread mechanism of horizontal gene transfer in bacteria. DNA
uptake to the periplasmic compartment requires a DNA-uptake pilus and the DNA-binding …

As more environmental contaminants emerging, antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes
(ARGs) have caused a substantial increase of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in …

Streptococcus pneumoniae is a commensal of the human nasopharynx that can also cause
severe antibiotic-resistant infections. Antibiotics drive the spread of resistance by inducing S …

Summary Small genes (< 150 nucleotides) have been systematically overlooked in phage
genomes. We employ a large-scale comparative genomics approach to predict> 40,000 …