Cellular stress induced by the abnormal accumulation of unfolded or misfolded proteins at
the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is emerging as a possible driver of human diseases …

The modern rise in obesity and its strong association with insulin resistance and type 2
diabetes have elicited interest in the underlying mechanisms of these pathologies. The …

▪ Abstract In the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), secretory and transmembrane proteins fold into
their native conformation and undergo posttranslational modifications important for their …

Significance: The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a specialized organelle for the folding and
trafficking of proteins, which is highly sensitive to changes in intracellular homeostasis and …

The endoplasmic reticulum is responsible for much of a cell's protein synthesis and folding,
but it also has an important role in sensing cellular stress. Recently, it has been shown that …

The unfolded protein response (UPR) is activated upon the accumulation of misfolded
proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) that are sensed by the binding immunoglobulin …

In response to environmental stresses, a family of protein kinases phosphorylate eIF2
(eukaryotic initiation factor 2) to alleviate cellular injury or alternatively induce apoptosis …

A central mechanism regulating translation initiation in response to environmental stress
involves phosphorylation of the α subunit of eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (eIF2α) …

Execution of fundamental cellular functions demands regulated protein folding homeostasis.
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is an active organelle existing to implement this function by …

The extracellular space is an environment hostile to unmodified polypeptides. For this
reason, many eukaryotic proteins destined for exposure to this environment through …