Flagellar and translocation-associated type III secretion (T3S) systems are present in most
Gram-negative plant-and animal-pathogenic bacteria and are often essential for bacterial …

The type III secretion system (TTSS) of gram-negative bacteria is responsible for delivering
bacterial proteins, termed effectors, from the bacterial cytosol directly into the interior of host …

The tetratricopeptide repeat (TPR) structural motif is known to occur in a wide variety of
proteins present in prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms. The TPR motif represents an …

Myxococcus xanthus has a lifecycle characterized by several social interactions. In the
presence of prey, M. xanthus is a predator forming cooperatively feeding colonies, and in the …

Secretion of proteins into the extracellular environment is important to almost all bacteria,
and in particular mediates interactions between pathogenic or symbiotic bacteria with their …

We review the biology of non-flagellar type-III secretion systems from a Darwinian
perspective, highlighting the themes of evolution, conservation, variation and decay. The …

Aromatic amines in nature are typically installed with Glu or Gln as the nitrogen donor. Here
we report a pathway that features glycyl-tRNA instead. During the biosynthesis of …

Type III secretion systems (TTSSs) are essential mediators of the interaction of many Gram‐
negative bacteria with human, animal or plant hosts. Extensive sequence and functional …

Cyclic di-GMP (c-di-GMP) transduces extracellular stimuli into intracellular responses,
coordinating a plethora of important biological processes. Low levels of c-di-GMP are often …

Present-day members of the Chlamydiaceae contain parasitic bacteria that have been co-
evolving with their eukaryotic hosts over hundreds of millions of years. Likewise, a type III …