Warming amplification over the Arctic Pole (AP hereafter) and Third Pole (Tibetan Plateau,
TP hereafter) can trigger a series of climate responses and have global consequences …

The decline in the floating sea ice cover in the Arctic is one of the most striking
manifestations of climate change. In this review, we examine this ongoing loss of Arctic sea …

This chapter assesses the state of physical, biological and social knowledge concerning the
Arctic and Antarctic ocean and cryosphere, how they are affected by climate change, and …

Key observational indicators of climate change in the Arctic, most spanning a 47 year period
(1971–2017) demonstrate fundamental changes among nine key elements of the Arctic …

Human pressures on the ocean are thought to be increasing globally, yet we know little
about their patterns of cumulative change, which pressures are most responsible for change …

Abstract Changes in the Arctic atmosphere, cryosphere and Ocean are drastically altering
the dynamics of phytoplankton, the base of marine ecosystems. This Review addresses four …

In the Paris Agreement on Climate Change, the United Nations is pursuing efforts to limit
global warming to 1.5° C, whereas earlier aspirations focused on a 2° C limit. With current …

The decline of Arctic sea ice is an integral part of anthropogenic climate change. Sea-ice
loss is already having a significant impact on Arctic communities and ecosystems. Its role as …

Scientists have long predicted large-scale responses of infectious diseases to climate
change, giving rise to a polarizing debate, especially concerning human pathogens for …

Warming trends and increasing temperature extremes have been observed across most of
the Asian region over the past century (high confidence).{24.3} Increasing numbers of warm …