Optogenetic techniques have been developed to allow control over the activity of selected
cells within a highly heterogeneous tissue, using a combination of genetic engineering and …

Recombinant adeno-associated viruses (AAVs) are commonly used gene delivery vehicles
for neuroscience research. They have two engineerable features: the capsid (outer protein …

Neural circuitry is typically modulated via invasive brain implants and tethered optical fibres
in restrained animals. Here we show that wide-field illumination in the second near-infrared …

Achieving temporally precise, noninvasive control over specific neural cell types in the deep
brain would advance the study of nervous system function. Here we use the potent …

Interest in deciphering the fundamental mechanisms and processes of the human mind
represents a central driving force in modern neuroscience research. Activities in support of …

GABAergic inhibition shapes the connectivity, activity and plasticity of the brain. A series of
exciting new discoveries provides compelling evidence that disruptions in a number of key …

Optogenetics has revolutionized neuroscience understanding by allowing spatiotemporal
control over cell-type specific neurons in neural circuits. However, the sluggish development …

Although bradykinesia, tremor and rigidity are the hallmark motor defects in patients with
Parkinson's disease (PD), patients also experience motor learning impairments and non …

Optogenetic is a technique that combines optics and genetics to control specific neurons.
This technique usually uses adenoviruses that encode photosensitive protein. The …

Optogenetics has revolutionized neuroscience research through its spatiotemporally precise
activation of specific neurons by illuminating light on opsin-expressing neurons. A long …