Traditionally, multiple sclerosis has been categorised by distinct clinical descriptors—
relapsing-remitting, secondary progressive, and primary progressive—for patient care …

Astrocytes are abundant glial cells in the central nervous system (CNS) that perform diverse
functions in health and disease. Astrocyte dysfunction is found in numerous diseases …

Background Ozanimod, a selective sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor modulator, is under
investigation for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease. Methods We conducted a …

Importance Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune-mediated neurodegenerative disease
of the central nervous system characterized by inflammatory demyelination with axonal …

The factor that is most relevant and strongly associated with the clinical course of multiple
sclerosis is chronological age. Very young patients exclusively have relapsing remitting …

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune, inflammatory, and neurodegenerative
disease that affects the central nervous system (CNS). MS is characterized by immune …

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune demyelinating and neurodegenerative disease of
the central nervous system, and the leading cause of nontraumatic neurological disability in …

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that
results in significant neurodegeneration in the majority of those affected and is a common …

Summary The sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) signalling pathways have important and
diverse functions. S1P receptors (S1PRs) have been proposed as a therapeutic target for …

In most cases, multiple sclerosis (MS) begins with a relapsing-remitting course followed by
insidious disability worsening that is independent from clinically apparent relapses and is …